Everything in the Universe that can be explained by an attractive force between material objects, or by gravitational fields emanating from material objects, can also be explained by the concept of perpetually expanding matter, energy, and space. Everything still looks and acts exactly the same way, only now, gravity is not so mysterious. Perpetually expanding matter also explains the strong nuclear force that hold atoms together. This is something that Newton’s or Einstein’s theory of gravity could never do. But, there are still a lot more questions to answer.

     Does the Universe have a beginning or and end? Does it have an edge or boundary? Is the Universe finite or infinite? These are important questions when one tries to understand the Secret of the Universe. An argument for a finite universe with no beginning or end is presented in the page at the following link. The argument is false because it assumes certain un-proven conjectures to be true, but it is a good one to read in order to become familiar with the problem.

     Here is another good page to read, but it assumes the big-bang theory is true. While there is circumstantial evidence for the big-bang, the evidence is only valid when gravity is believed to be an attractive force between material objects. None of this has ever been proven.

     Here is a pure thought experiment that proves not only that the Universe is finite, but that it does have a beginning and an existence within a time expanse that does not necessarily extend beyond the present moment. It did not always exist, and its time of existence can possibly end.

     I have a desktop ink jet printer that advertises the ability to print over 16 million different colors. But when you look at the color ink cartridge, you see only three colors of ink. The three different colors mixed together in varying amounts produce the 16 million different colors. This is because different colors have different wave lengths. A wave length is the distance a wave of light will travel in one cycle. Visible light is a part of the electro-magnetic spectrum. Radio waves are also a part of the electro-magnetic spectrum, but have a much longer wave length. The longer the wave length, the lower the frequency or cycles per second.

     When ever you mix two frequencies together, you will also get the sum of the two frequencies, and the difference between the two frequencies. The same thing works for visible light. When you mix yellow and blue together you get green, which is actually a different wave length of light. Blue colors are the shortest waves of the spectrum, and red colors are the longest. Only three primary colors are necessary to make all of the visible colors of light.

     But how many colors are there? Is their number finite or is there no end to the number of possible colors? The computer uses numbers to tell the printer what to print. For each of the three primary colors, there is a number (0 through 256) that represents the intensity of that primary color. To find out how many possible combinations there are, multiply 257 * 257 * 257 to get 16,974,593. Each pixel in the print is represented by a nine digit number that tells the printer how much of each primary color to use. The result is photographic quality prints.

     Let’s suppose we create a new printer with higher quality prints and more colors. This is to keep the numbers round so that they are easier to understand. Instead of using 0 through 256, we’ll use 000 through 999 for the intensity of each primary color. This gives us 1 billion possible colors. Instead of using an 8 by 11 inch medium, we’ll make it a 10 inch by 10 inch print with 10,000 dots per square inch. This gives us 1,000 rows of dots, with 1,000 dots in each row for each print.

     Each print will have 1 million dots, and each dot will be represented by a 9 digit number (000000000 through 999,999,999). Each print can be represented by a 9 million digit number.

     Let’s suppose we start counting up the number line from 0 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4...), and we keep counting until we get to the number ((10^(9*10^6)) - 1, or in other words, a 9 million digit repdigit with nothing but 9’s in it. Let’s suppose we convert each one of these numbers into a digital photograph according to our preset protocols. After we print them out, we would then have every mathematical possibility for a high resolution digital photograph. We would have pictures of everything.

     We would have high resolution digital pictures of everything that ever existed, everything that exists now, everything that ever will exist, and everything that ever could exist but won’t, and finally, everything that can’t exist but can be imagined or put in a picture.

     We can find the whole universe right there on the number line. And it is finite. Mathematical possibilities may seem infinite, but they are not. Of course, even if the whole human race devoted themselves to the project, it would still take zillions of times longer than the estimated age of the Universe to complete the task of actually printing out every possibility for a digital photograph. The point is, it’s a simple mathematical task and it has a beginning, an end, and an exact finite quantity in between.

     Suppose we try to create more mathematical possibilities? If we use a 12 digit number instead of a 9 digit number to designate each possible color, we will have 1 trillion colors instead of 1 billion. But the human eye cannot detect a 1 trillionth difference in color. A trillion colors would just be a thousand new gradations between each of the 1 billion colors. We would just see the same 1 billion colors, only we would see them a thousand more times. The number of possible colors is finite.

     Suppose we increase the number of dots per square inch, or the number of square inches per print? We’ll just get more of the same pictures, only more of them will have a greater resolution. Because the number of primary colors is finite, the Universe is finite.

     Our pictures of everything would have to include all forms of written or printed material. We would have pictures of every page of every book, magazine, or newspaper ever written, in every mathematical possibility for a written language. Somewhere in this database would be the exact step by step instructions for creating a universe.